|
Abraham ben David ( – 27 November 1198),〔Abraham Zacuto, (''Sefer Yuchasin'' ), Cracow 1580 (Hebrew), p. 262 in PDF. He is said to have passed away on the Sabbath eve of Hanukkah in the year (),959 anno mundi, a year corresponding with 1198 CE.〕 also known by the abberviation RABaD (for ''Rabbeinu'' Abraham ben David) Ravad or RABaD III , was a Provençal rabbi, a great commentator on the Talmud, ''Sefer Halachot'' of Rabbi Yitzhak Alfasi and ''Mishne Torah'' of Maimonides, and is regarded as a father of Kabbalah and one of the key and important links in the chain of Jewish mystics. He was born in Provence, France, and died at Posquières. He was the son-in-law of Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne ''Av Beth Din'' (known as the ''RABaD II''). He was the father of ''Rabbeinu'' Isaac the Blind, a Neoplatonist and important Jewish mystical thinker. The teachers under whose guidance he acquired most of his Talmudic learning were ''Rabbeinu'' Moses ben Joseph and ''Rabbeinu'' Meshullam of Lunel ''(Rabbeinu Meshullam hagodol)''. RABaD remained in Lunel after completing his studies, and subsequently became one of the rabbinical authorities of that city. He went to Montpellier, where he remained for a short time, and then moved to Nîmes, where he lived for a considerable period. ''Rabbeinu'' Moses ben Judah (''"Temim De'im"'', p. 6b) refers to the rabbinical school of Nîmes, then under ''Rabbeinu'' Abraham's direction, as the chief seat of Talmudic learning in Provence. ==Family origins and life== The RABaD's maternal grandfather, Rabbi Yitzhak b. Yaakov Ibn Baruch of Mérida (1035–1094), who had compiled astronomical tables for the son of Shemuel ha-Nagid, was one of five rabbis in Spain renowned for their learning. Concerning the oral history of his maternal grandfather's family and how they came to Spain, the RABaD wrote: "When Titus prevailed over Jerusalem, his officer who was appointed over Hispania appeased him, requesting that he send to him captives made-up of the nobles of Jerusalem, and so he sent a few of them to him, and there were amongst them those who made curtains and who were knowledgeable in the work of silk, and () whose name was Baruch, and they remained in Mérida."〔''Seder Hakabbalah Le'Ravad'' (printed in the edition which includes the books, ''Seder Olam Rabbah'' and ''Seder Olam Zuta''), Jerusalem 1971, pp. 43–44 (Hebrew).〕 The center of the RABaD's activity was Posquières, after which place he is often called. The town is known as Vauvert today. It is difficult to determine when he moved to Posquières; but about 1165 Benjamin of Tudela, at the outset of his travels, called upon him there. He spoke of the ''Ravad's'' wealth and benevolence. Not only did he erect and keep in repair a large school-building, but he cared for the material welfare of the poor students as well. To this date in Vauvert a street exists with the name "Rue Ravad." His great wealth brought him into peril of his life because, to obtain some of it, Elzéar, the lord of Posquières, had him cast into prison, where, like Rabbi Meir of Rothenburg, he might have perished, had not Count Roger II of Carcassonne, who was friendly to the Jews, intervened, and by virtue of his sovereignty banished the lord of Posquières to Carcassonne. Thereupon the ''Ravad'' returned to Posquières, where he remained until his death. Among the many learned Talmudists who were his disciples in Posquières were ''Rabbeinu'' Isaac ha-Kohen of Narbonne, the first commentator upon the Yerushalmi; ''Rabbeinu'' Abraham ben Nathan of Lunel, author of ''"Ha-Manhig"''; ''Rabbeinu'' Meir ben Isaac of Carcassonne, author of the ''"Sefer ha-'Ezer"''; and ''Rabbeinu'' Asher ben Meshullam of Lunel, author of several rabbinical works. The ''Ravads influence on Jonathan of Lunel also is evident, though the latter did not attend his lectures. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abraham ben David」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|